Showing posts with label cfa memorize. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cfa memorize. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Last resort of Memorization for some areas of Portfolio/Quant/FRA CFA Level 1 Exam

About some of the formulas in Finance that you  need to memorize for the moment.

Exam Prep Portfolio consist of understanding, memorizing and speed, and you need to balance all these 3 parameters as each one will help you minimize your risk and maximize output. My personal weights used are: understanding & research = 50%, speed is 15%, and memory is 35%. But I have observed that in my class people who are getting higher marks than me have a portfolio (my guess) of 70% memory, 20% speed and 10% understanding.

It has been my attempt to keep things in the most logical and common sensesical way. But there are somethings which requires a lot of research which time doesn't allow. In the later stage you can understand these formulas but for now you need to memorize them.




Other areas that need to be memorized include:
  1. Beta is sensitivity of asset with respect to market. It can be also looked upon as Cov-im/sigma-square-m. beta= Pim (sigma-i/sigma-m)
  2. M-squared is like sharpe ratio (rp2-rf)(sigma-m/sigma-p2)-(rm-rf), (Trenoy measure, Jensen alpha both are for SML excess and slope): Details about these 3 measures, probably they will come in some later stage with more detailed derivations on my Portfolio thread.
  3. Different yield formulas of quant where hpy =(bdy*n/360)/(1-bdy*n/360) , CFO shortcuts (increase in asset means reduced cash flows)
  4. Cash convergence cycle in corporate finance, and its derivation
  5. Technical Analysis from core readings
  6. Enron and Sunbeam Scandal
  7. Sale type lease vs other types
  8. Difference in USGAP vs IFRS example in held for sale/ for trade/ till maturity
  9. Cost of trade credit numerical
  10. HHI and other methods to compute monopoly in economics; sum of squared % of market share of top 50 firm. 10,000 for monopoly, above 1800 indicate market is not competitive (HHI).......
  11. 4 firm ratio of over 60 depicts oligopoly  
  12. Money supply * velocity = price level * real output; money multiplier = (1+c)/(c+d)
  13. Days of sale outstanding = 365 / receivable turnover ......  Inventory in-hand  = 365 / inventory turnover ..... Number of days payable = 365 / payable turnover ratio
  14. Equity Minority interest,  current assets placement in USGAP VS IFRS
  15. DOL = % change in EBIT / % change in sales ; DFL = % change in EPS / % change in EBIT 
  16. DOL = (S - TVC)/(S-TVC-F)
  17. DFL = (EBIT/(EBIT-Intrest))
  18. Impairment of inventory in USGAP (lower of NPV, historical, replaceable)... CV > UFCF ? long lived assets?
  19. Derivative formula  for forward rate agreement. i.e. formula to long the settlement for the notional amount 
  20. NI ---> CFO (indirect conversion)
  21. Cost of trade credit = {1 + PD/(1-PD)}^[365/DAYS post discount]
  22. BEQ into BDY (RMM = (360* RBD)/(360 - (t* RBD) ) this has been imp
  23. HPY as a function of Bdy
  24. ebit=operating income
  25. Interest burden = EBI/EBIT; used in DuP (FRA)
  26. Operating cycle vs Cash convergence cycle  (Corporate Fin)
  27. 9 major sections of GIPS 
  28. Target FFR= 2% + actual inflation + 0.5(actual inflation - 2%)+ 0.5(output gap) 
  29. beta in terms of sd of market and port (portfolio management)
  30. Margin for equity(maintained margin) vs future (replenish) 
  31. Renewable source economy demand elastics or inelastic? 
  32. Eco elasticities  (0-1, greater than 1)
  33. hypothesis of paired tests, chia quare, others complex ones
  34. Tax loss carry forward, details about loss carry forward 
  35. Do comparative advantage questions in economics
  36. Quality of earning ans scandals
  37. different type of markets: again
  38. types of data: time series, longitudinal, cross sectional
  39. long question of cash convergence cycle
  40. long quest of equity 2 methods, p/e forward done by the person in the class
  41. maintenance variation initial
  42. step-up inverse floater inflation
  43. types of unemployment
  44. Still dof doo leverages giving problems
  45. fundamental weighting techniques
  46. Embryonic, mature, shakeout, phases in equity
  47. price to earning ratio = dividend payut ratio/ (req ROE rate - growth rate)
  48. net income for common or both in diluted earning questions
  49. breaking points and operating break even point
  50. financial leverage, fin multiplier, d/e,
  51. hpy to rmm, rmm to bdy
  52. rm to bdy formula 360rb/ (360-trb)
  53. Escalation bias, confirmation bias different bias in cfa
  54. Classical Keynesian and Monetarists
  55. Pension list of all elements
  56. technical analysis of all element
  57. hypothesis entire revision
  58. percentage of completion and all methods of revenue collection
  59. what to do about loss in held till maturity, does it comes in OCI
  60. money weighted is irr, time weighted returns in quant
  61. ordinal interval nominal
  62. minute details about proxy statement
  63. ifrs usgap differences
  64. sale type lease vs operating lease vs direct financing lease  
    Fixed income (different types of bonds like inflation adjusted bond, tax issues, etc)
    Corporate Finance (like Corporate Governance which is theoretical)
    From the experience of students who are giving the exam, accuracy is the most important thing, but the questions are also predictable especially of equity.




    Conclusion: You need the very right balance in your approach, depending on time resources, energy and partners, you must dedicate time in understanding and memorizing.

    Sunday, November 20, 2011

    Read the questions: Reading Skills & Exam strategy for CFA, FRM etc [continued]

    Reading the questions is very important especially in Ethics, focus on these areas in my mock exams taken by the coaching institute:

    Post Exam experience:
    1. Do each question of Curriculum and Scz
    2. Memorize each formula (everyone knows this, but believe me it is imp)
    3. More tiny and cliche points
    4. Each line of Scz
    5. Small things
    6. Small difference in options
    Some general Strategy:
    • Play time bound game
    • Improve your reading comprehension skills
    • Look at triggers, adjectives, extreme words and short down your answer to violation vs no violation
    • Do short calculations by hand, don't worry about Calculator
    • Least likely still a thing that gives trouble
    • Ethics is about identification about breach with respect to the rules
    • Ethics is like law, intention and acts if any goes wrong you will be punished
    • Astrology, photocopying is all banned
    • Soft dollar is something very interesting that you must know
    • Confidence is the key in this exam
    • Cash means cash in FRA, dont read it wrong
    • In ethics read the entire case slowly to understand which is primary violation, this depends on your reading skills 
    • Lease likely vs most likely 
    • Maintain the same energy level, and keep energy level very high
    • never take yourself in extreme pressure scenarios by not following the time bound game
    • not let any negative thoughts come into your mind
    • Leave the extreme tough questions for the last
    • Many questions are straight from the book like FSA (in the internal exams)
    • Your leg and back might pain so keep them healthy
    • etc
    Exam is like any other exam.

    Raw List of Topics:
    • Why subsidies causes loss
    • Intersection of marginal cost and average cost
    • technical analysis
    • ratios
    • spot rates
    • expectation theory fixed income
    • nopat
    • portfolio
    • sml cml
    • jenson alpha portfolio
    • tym vs ror current rates
    • baesal 3
    • ltcm
    • basket of currency
    • Swedish society website
    • Capitalization
    • 10k, 10q, 20f US and other things regarding reporting of USA
    • Harry Markowitz introduced MP
    • Black box trading, high freq trading, nano second information processing
    • foreign trade and currency 4 trillion high freq trading
    • hisotry of galeon group
    • difference between all durations
    • portfolio of bonds
    • role and detailed modeling of how rating agency rate
    • Rating agency downgraded sbi
    • silver and gold manipulation by JP morgan
    • SAS exam
    • Excel most advanced modeling
    • Debt structure being changed
    • CAPM-CEU frequency
    • secured and unsecured
    • real or inflated
    • Bloomberg terminal
    • contra account
    • treasury stocks
    • After tax margin
    • cash margin
    • CFA L2 batch starts on 30th Oct
    • secured vs unsecured loan
    • capex
    • LBO leveraged buy out
    • Mosaic theory
    • is it 5 times?
    • after tax margin
    • Philip curve long run unemployment remains same (all factor vary, vs one factor)
    • minority interest
    • reform to put real values
    • all good movies on federal reserve
    • nasdaq is otc?
    • Revise regresson and its application for beta
    • diverisfied and undiversifeide
    • b vs SD are they of portfolios
    • why is market most diversifiable
    • different type of margins (derivatives and the table)
    • international eco and reporting in l3
    • comprehensive income l2
    • slope remains same diff
    • scenario analysis (sensitivity+best case+worst case)
    • sql for selection
    • baskets in der
    • growing dividend discount model
    • capitalization 100/20
    • valuation on of inventory
    • imparement of assetss and non tangible assets
    • forward rate agrremant
    • exchange vs swap vs option in derivatives
    • currency swap
    • CFO depreciation / impairment / capitalization of long termed assts
    • tough questions of calculation of good will where other company has good will etc
    • issuing bond at different rates and calculations

    Economics:
    • taylor
    • phillip
    • M2 mesure
    • Laffor curve
    • HHI index for monoply
    • Symmetry principle
    • CPI numerical calation

    Companies in Hedge funds:
    • Northern trust
    • jp
    • tesa
    • RRD
    • DE Shaww
    • deulottee
    • copal


    Research areas:
    • degree of freedom, and mathematical Equations used
    • Citibank Suzlon deal
    • Hedge funds India and USA
    • Analysis for merger done by IB
    • find Equity holders?
    • CFA for hedge funds
    • technical analysis
    • mutual funds usa in india
    • mymv margin maintainence, different type
    • boa india
    • spv legal and ratings
    • greek frm
    • oversubscribed
    • Euro printing
    • NASDAQ, OTC
    • freddy and fanny
    • credit rating
    • nopat
    • cfp
    • credit ds
    • RBI website
    • option pricing
    • ve nture capitalist vs angel investors
    • business plan
    • SWOAT
    • frm var 2
    • best journals in finance
    • 'Nonlinear Markov games
    These are list of topics I will slowly expand.

    Monday, November 14, 2011

    Formulas for CFA and how to deal with all the vast syllabus (CFA vs FRM correlations)

    Formulas for exams and how to deal with all the vast syllabus
    CFA vs FRM correlations 
    By Satyadhar Joshi

    Most of these formulas can be broken down into deep logical and sensible notions. Very few of them requires complex maths.

    It was noticed that people said to me that formula would be a tough thing to understand but when I started reading there is no even a single formula that I need to memorize. All are based on common sense, all ratios, yes I do agree that being from engineering background and experience in reliability engineering some things of stat were easy for me. But then also I dont find anything to memorize.

    There are 2 strategy to revise the formula, one is that you can use a formula or a summary book such as scz sause, or the other is that you can read all the LOS and think and understand what are the questions based on the LOS.

    With less time for the exam, you should decide on what are the time constrains and depending on which you should decide a strategy for revision of formula.

    There are list of formulas which you can get from various 3rd part sources, those would be very helpful but over doing memorization is not a good idea.

    2 weeks before the Exam strategy should be very carefully made.

    Linking CFA Level 1 to CFA level 2(CFA Level 1 vs. CFA level 2):
    1. Financial reporting analysis of Level 1 comes very much in level 2
    2. Corporate Finance depends a lot on Financial Reporting and are related, hence both are carried away same as they are
    3. Economics is not related but it is very tough to understand it, it is least related to level 2 (so least required level for 2)
    4. Alternative investment is an are that should not be taken lightly that is not interlinked with other areas and also less related to level 2


    Linking CFA Level 1 to FRM Level 1(CFA Level 1 vs. FRM Level 1):
    1. Derivatives, Portfolio, Fixed income remains the same
    2. Corporate Finance is not related to FRM

    Linking CFA Level 2 to FRM Level 1(CFA Level 2 vs. FRM Level 1): 
    Derivatives, Portfolio, Fixed income, Quant remains the same and are useful

    Hence depending on your combinations you can work this out.